Fertilizing a planted aquarium: Part III

Optimal water plant fertilization

In the first part of this series of articles we summarized which nutrients are needed by aquatic plants in general. In part two we showed you how to apply this knowledge to your own individual aquarium setup. This classification is based on the technical equipment of the aquarium as well as on the plant species and the biomass, and allows the categorization of nutrient consumption (green = weak, yellow = moderate, red = strong). In the third part of this series we will delve even further into the nutrient parameters and the optimization of a fertilizer system for a plant aquarium.

Ideal water parameters

In the preceding articles, we have already described how the factors light, carbon input and plant requirements should be compatible, by means of the said three categories. This balance is the base for the next steps. As far as the determination of the correct dosage of liquid fertilizer is concerned, it must be said that the perfect nutrient contents cannot necessarily be generalized. They rather depend on the individual circumstances and thus on the category your aquarium belongs to. Nevertheless, certain nutrient parameters can be described as target ranges:

• 10 to 25 mg/l nitrate (NO₃)
• 5 to 10 mg/l potassium (K)
• 0,1 to 1 mg/l phosphate (PO₄)
• 0,05 to 0,1 mg/l iron (Fe)
• >10 mg/l magnesium (Mg)

In general a distinction needs to be made between nutrients whose concentration needs to be kept at a certain level at all times (among them CO₂, nitrate, potassium and magnesium) - and nutrients that do not require a constant level (like iron and phosphate). The concentration of the latter might fall to non-detectable by water tests over the course of the week. This does not necessarily have to have negative consequences, since the plants can store nutrients such as phosphate quite well. If there are no deficiency symptoms and growth defects on the plants, it is not necessary to maintain permanently measurable iron and phosphate concentrations.

Recommendations from the fertilizer calculator

Based on the categories and on the plant mass estimated with the help of the preceding article you can consult the Nutrient Calculater to get a recommendation for your fertilizing regimen. We recommend, in order to cover the supply of both micronutrients and macronutrients, the use of a complete fertilizer such as Legend Heaven and a macronutrient fertilizer like Legend Essential as a base for this regimen. The fertilizer dosage recommendation given by the Nutrient Calculator may be a starting point. You will still need to do some fine-tuning to adapt this regimen to your individual planted aquarium, though.

Calculation of fertilizer consumption

Aquatic plants consume nutrients, but, depending on the element, in quite different speeds and quantities. From experience, nitrogen consumption in a densely planted tank with lots of fast-growing stem plants is quite high, whereas other macroelements such as potassium and magnesium are not used up quite as excessively. Therefore we recommend the use nitrogen source such as Legend Nitrogen alongside Legend  Essential and Legend Revival in planted aquariums with a high nutrient consumption.

To determine the nutrient consumption, high-quality and easy-to-read water tests are necessary. Tests for the parameters nitrate, phosphate and iron are especially important. If necessary, you should also include tests for potassium and magnesium.

To determine the nutrient consumption, high-quality and easy-to-read water tests are necessary. Tests for the parameters nitrate, phosphate and iron are especially important. If necessary, you should also include tests for potassium and magnesium.

In order to determine the weekly consumption, just measure the relevant parameters at the beginning and at the end of one week. The difference between the two values states the respective weekly nutrient consumption. To determine the average daily consumption, simply divide the weekly consumption by seven. The fertilizer calculator helps you determine the most suitable fertilizer dosages to meet this consumption.

Exemplary calculation based on the nutrient nitrate (NO₃):
An NO₃ value of 20 mg/l was determined in a 100 l tank at the beginning of the week. By the weekend, the value had dropped to a mere 5 mg/l. The difference (20 - 5) gives us the weekly nitrate consumption of 15 mg/l weekly consumption, which means that your aquarium plants consume around 2 mg/l of NO₃ per day.
Now enter the volume of your aquarium in liters (100 in our example) in the nutrient calculator, choose the interval at which you want to add ferts to your tank (in our example: daily) and select the fertilizer you’d like to use under the nutrient "nitrate" (in our example Legend Nitrogen). Then you can experiment with different dosages in the "Dose" field (press "Calculate" to process your entries) until a nitrate concentration of approximately 2 mg/l is shown in the "Addition" field.

Did you use fertilizer during the measurement period? No problem, you can still optimize your fertilizer regime using the method described above. In this case, however, you'll nee to subtract the ferts you've added from the calculated weekly consumption. If the result is zero, fertilization and nutrient requirements are optimally adjusted to each other and balance each other out. At any value greater than zero, the nutrient consumption of the plants is still slightly larger than what you add with your fertilizing regime, so you'll have to increase the amount of ferts appropriately. On the other hand, if the weekly consumption value is negative, the amount of fertilizer is higher than the consumption and should be adjusted as necessary.

Different fertilizing systems

Basic set

As a fertilizer starter pack we recommend a iron fertilizer, which, in addition to iron, also contains important trace elements (micronutrients). Pre-mixed NPK fertilizers like Legend Essential or Legend Revival offer a coordinated amount of important macronutrients. For planted aquariums with a higher nutrient consumption a nitrogen-only fertilizer like Legend Nitrogen should be added to the range of ferts. With this, you can specifically increase the nitrate content without influencing the concentrations of other macronutrients such as Legend Phosphate or Legend Potassium.

Benefits:
Easy handling with only a few bottles

Disadvantages:
Not very flexible, especially in terms of phosphate and potassium

Single components

The approach of using several individual components when it comes to macronutrients is much more flexible. Apart from a nitrogen fertilizer like Legend Nitrogen, a potassium (e. g. Legend Potassium) and a phosphate fertilizer such as Legend Phosphate from Legend complement the whole concept. With single-component ferts you can directly influence the content of nitrate, potassium and phosphate in your aquarium water.

Benefits:
Very flexible in the macronutrient area

Disadvantages:
Somewhat more elaborate application with several bottles

Special concept

For all experienced planted aquarium keepers, the following additional options are available, based on a single-component approach:

• Whereas Legend Elysium is used for the weekly fertilization of the fresh water after a water change special designet for low tech aquaium, for daily fertilization, Legend Avalon is the way to go. This is a complete fertilizer with very quickly available nutrients. Legend Revival for heavily planted aquarium with the most difficult to grow plants or red plants